According to some opinion, smoking is a bad habit, which was for a long time in Indonesia's entrenched. Several factors with smoking culture in Indonesia can be connected, including many tobacco grown in Indonesia and smoking is one of the non-oil commodities. Furthermore, today, especially in rural areas associated with the culture of smoking culture of masculinity that men, men who do not smoke less than men. In urban areas like Jakarta, the culture of smoking persisted further, although most of the intellectuals had the dangers of smoking to health (Wawolumaya, 1996) understood.
Several reports on the prevalence of smokers in the municipality lies between 30-34%. The results of MONICA (Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Cardiovascular Diseases Determinantsin) Harapan Kita Hospital in my heart with the WHO 1988/1989 received 59.9% of men smoke and 5.9% of the women performed. Most started smoking at age 10 to 20 years (63.3%), while 33.1% started smoking after 20 years (Hanafiah and Sani, 1993). The research was conducted in the general population shows nearly the same rate. Research in Lombok and Yogyakarta, smoking habits among men in a row, there were 75% and 61% (aged 15 years and older) and women less than 5%. In Jakarta, showed that 64.8% of men and 9.8% of women aged 13 years and older smokers (Salan, 1993). Likewise, the research was conducted on groups of high school in Surabaya, found that 31.5% of students among students who smoke 79% of men and 21% of women smoked (Martini, et al., 2000).
It was widely known that smoking is one of the causes of cardiovascular disease and cancer. The results of the Household Health Survey (NHHS) carried out research and development of MOH in 1986 and 1992 showed an increase in the number of deaths from cardiovascular disease of 9.7% to 16%. It turned out that in addition to affect the smokers themselves, someone who inhale tobacco smoke in the environment is actually a greater risk for the disease, such as, for example, exacerbate respiratory diseases, asthma and angina pectoris to a tightening. Especially for children may increase the risk to get an attack of acute respiratory infections and lung diseases in the future (Riyadina, 1995).
The underlying factors, smoking behavior, especially in the youth group, student or youth from the influence of friends / environment, eliminating loneliness, eliminate social tensions and tool / communication (Manalu, 1993), a member of the group / band to look tough / masculine, the influence of advertising smoking, mature look. Instead of factors that contribute to the behavior of not smoking in children and adolescents is a lack of attention and guidance from parents, one of the reasons for smoking parents. Research by Martini, et al. Guided by students do not smoke, if there be side effects or problems when the parents know that children are smoking (Martini et al., 2000).
Considering how big the losses due to smoking is necessary to do a variety of prevention against the onset of smoking behavior. An attempt is to find out at the attitude and the role of parents during this against the smoking behavior of adolescents. It is also, by the fundamental importance of adolescent health, the backbone of the nation is strengthened, it is necessary to research on health behavior in adolescence.
The purpose of this study is to examine aspects of the parents of teenagers in the attitude and play a role in preventing, their children not to smoke. The information gained from this study will be used to compile or create preventive measures against the occurrence of smoking behavior of the young generation, especially teenagers. In order to be implemented for health promotion efforts, and can reduce the prevalence of smoking in the long run.
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